adjective clause

You're probably already familiar with adjectives. They modify nouns and pronouns, providing a description or information. Adjective clauses, however, are groups of words that contain a subject and a verb, and provide further description.

Adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns, including:

• who
• whom
• whose
• that
• which

They may also begin with relative adverbs, such as:

• when
• where
• why

Seems simple enough, right? Let's dive right into some different examples of adjective clauses. As soon as you see adjective clauses in action, you'll be able to spot them from a mile away.

Adjective Clauses in Action

Adjective clauses don't usually change the basic meaning of a sentence. Rather, they clarify the writer's intent.

Here's one thing to keep an eye out for. When adjective clauses add more information to a sentence, rather than just description, they often need to be set off with a comma.

Here are some example sentences with the adjective clause underlined:

• Pizza, which most people love, is not very healthy.
• Those people whose names are on the list will go to camp.
• Grandpa remembers the old days when there was no television.
• Fruit that is grown organically is expensive.
• Students who are intelligent get good grades.
• Eco-friendly cars that run on electricity help the environment.
• I know someone whose father served in World War II.
• The slurping noise he makes is the main reason why Sue does not like to eat soup with her brother.
• The kids who were called first will have the best chance of getting a seat.
• I enjoy telling people about Janet Evanovich, whose latest book was fantastic.
• The store where the new phone was being sold had a huge line of people outside it.
• "He who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe is as good as dead." - Albert Einstein
• "Those who do not complain are never pitied." - Jane Austen
• "People demand freedom of speech to make up for the freedom of thought which they avoid." - Søren Kierkegaard
• "Never go to a doctor whose office plants have died." - Erma Bombeck

Reducing Adjective Clauses to Phrases

An adjective clause that has a subject pronoun (which, that, or who) can also be shortened into an adjective phrase.

You can shorten an adjective clause in two ways:

1. Omit the subject pronoun and verb.
2. Omit the subject pronoun and change the verb so it ends in -ing.

Here are some examples to help you create an adjective phrase:

• Adjective Clause: The books that were borrowed from class must be returned.
• Adjective Phrase: The books borrowed from class must be returned.

• Adjective Clause: The girl who is leading the parade is my best friend.
• Adjective Phrase: The girl leading the parade is my best friend.

• Adjective Clause: His share of the money, which consisted of $100,000, was given to him on Monday.
• Adjective Phrase: His share of the money, consisting of $100,000, was given to him on Monday.

• Adjective Clause: Something that smells bad may be rotten.
• Adjective Phrase: Something smelling bad may be rotten.